The Perfect Motorcycle Essay -- Personal Narratives Automobiles Mechan

The Perfect MotorcycleAs long as I can remember, I stir always been quested in cars, trucks, and other gear-head type stuff. I think I have liked automotive things because my dad is precise mechanical and has taught my familiar and I more about cars than we really need to know. Luckily in the past few years I have also taken an interest in motorcycles. This began shortly before my sixteenth birthday when I found out that my brother had secretly acquired one and was keeping it at a friends house. As the story goes, my brother Mike noticed an old rusty bike leaning against a shed in aroundones yard when he was driving more or less with one of his friends in our truck. Mike asked the man who lived there if he would be willing to part with the motorcycle, and eventually it ended up at our house. That bike was sure as shooting nothing special to look at and when I first saw it, it really wasnt anywhere near running condition. Through much of my brothers perseverance, and a alone bunch of luck, the bike began to runfirst on one cylinder, then on both. I remember when Mike first got it running my dad and I looked on as he took the first ride around the yard Im not sure if Mike knew it ahead of time or not, but the bike didnt have a functioning clutch. We soon discovered that rolling the motorcycle down a hill and then dropping it into gear wasnt too violent and was certainly pricey enough for the time being. Soon after, my dad and I were both allowed to ride I think we both realized that if Mikes bike had been such a winner on such little money (free, plus a few necessary parts) there were motorcycles in both of our futures. About a month later, my dad bought another old Honda in beautiful condition, and about a month after that I bought a ... ... model for under $2000 online. I think that with some luck, I could find a CX500TC for about the same price. Unfortunately, the Turbo bikes are much more rare, and even if not more valuable, they are simply harder to find. I recall that shortly after I purchased my bike, I found a CX500TC for sale in Milwaukee (only about 1.5 hours from where I live) for $1500 at a dealership. I was almost having hour thoughts about having just purchased a motorcycle, but I think I made the right decision at that time because I am very happy with my bike and I still enjoy every chance I have to ride it. The next time I am in the market shopping for a motorcycle, I will be sure to see if there are any Honda Turbos available for me to consider. Works Cited Honda CX & GL500 publicize Board http//cx500.gobinet.seHonda Milestone Models http//www.hondamotorcycles.com

Free Companies :: Essays Papers

Free Companies In 1337 hostilities erupted between France and England that would continue, with brief times of peace, until 1453. This war, which lasted for over a century, would latter be known as The Hundred Years War. One of the terms that originated during this war were bands of mercenaries formed in France called Free Companies. To understand Free Companies fully bingle must first look at the Hundred Years War for explanation. The Hundred Years War was the last great medieval war. (http//www.cfcsc.dnd.ca/links/milhist/100.html) not only was this war between kings, but lesser nobles too were fighting for their own interests, while they fought for their country. Looking back two centuries earlier can be seen as the true cause for this war. When Duke William of Normandy conquered England in 1066, he did so as a subject of the French King. The French speaking slope Kings to follow gained much and more land from the English. But the English King still ruled tw o French provinces, Gascony and Guyenne. In the 14th century, the French king Philip VI demanded that the English return these provinces to the French. When Edward III denied Philip VI of this, saying that Philips claim to the French thrown was not as strong as Edwards own right to rule both(prenominal) France and England, war broke out. Because the kings and nobles were not wealthy enough to maintain armies permanently, and the ancient system of raising legions through feudal obligation had, for the time being, locomote apart, the most effective armies were made up of mercenaries. The definition of mercenaries given by the Oxford American Dictionary is professional soldiers serving a foreign country. These professional, paid troops became a popular practice through out Europe in the 14th century. Both Knights and commoners under arms were eager to take the money of anyone wish to raise an army. The English were the first of these two countries to use this practice. Free Companies were formed by the English to fight in France.

The Roman games :: History

The Roman gamesQuestion Who were the spectators at Roman games? Discuss the relationship between them and the performers they watched. Gladiator fights were first introduced to capital of Italy in 264 BC, when the sons of Junius Brutus paid honor to their fathers funeral by showing three pairs of gladiators fight. This ritual caught on and was performed to honor significant men. As the years passed, the ceremonies became more promoted and emperors began to present the games to symbolize their power. The citizens of Rome love to go to these bloody warfares. In the city of Rome, these events were held in the Colosseum. An arena so large that it could hold 50,000 spectators and host fights between men and animals. Gladiatorial games occupied a central role in society. Sponsored during the republic by rich magistrates and later in the empire by the Emperors themselves, the games have long been called an election tool. The games in Rome are known today as the bloodiest exhibitions of pu blic entertainment known to mankind. Men, Women and children flocked to the Colosseum to watch the bloodthirsty fighters murder adept another. The spectators came from all over the Roman Empire and various other regions, like Africa. The games became a way of entertaining the wealthy, as well as the common people. Gladiator, comes from the latin al-Quran gladius, for sword. They were primarily make up of slaves, criminals, prisoners of war or even volunteer escaped men. The crimes that could lead one to the arena included treason, robbery, and murder, among others. Some free men became gladiators of their own free will in hopes of gaining notoriety and patronage amongst the wealthy citizens. By the end of 50 BC almost half of the gladiators fighting in the Colosseum were free men. The gladiators competed against one another for the sake of public entertainment at festival games. Although some gladiators fought wild animals, the combats usually featured a pair of male human conten ders. They fought in diverse styles depending on their background and how much training they had endured. Originally as captured soldiers, they were made to fight with their own weopons. There were also strong sexual references to the gladiator. The word gladius, for sword, was used to mean penis, their helmets were also, occasionally, shaped in the form of a phallus. Even the dead, defeated gladiator, had something sexual about him.

Religions, Morals and Civilization Essay -- religious beliefs

Religions, Morals and CivilizationSince the dawn of man, people have had their own forms of religion. Beit simple ceremonial burial or complex blessing rituals, for each one person had theirown way to explain the wonders of nature like, how did we come here and what ourpurpose here was. Another thing that each individual person had was their ownmorals. Morals are what define a civilization. Labels like pacifist(prenominal) or barbaricare put on unalike civilizations because of their morals. The morality ofeach civilization defined their religious beliefs.The lives of people who lived in the early ancient history time periodwere tough. They had to roam the land evermore looking for refreshing game to hunt andplants and berries to gather. The people werent united because of all thistraveling, and therefore contact with other people was minimal. Morals are hardto originate without much contact with other people and so the religion of theseearly people was minimal. Then came the de velopment of farming into this timeperiod. Farming brought the people together. low-pitched cities began to developbecause the people didnt have to move around as much. With all this closeness,the people developed moral views on what to think about thieves or murderers.If reliable civilizations didnt mind violence and killing, then they developedinto a Brutal civilization. Consequently, the religions of these civilizationswere evolved around sacrificial rituals and allegiance to brutal gods. TheAssyrian civilization worked around this principle. They used scare evasive action toovercome their enemies and treated their captives badly. They also believed inpowerful gods who they feared. If certain civilizations became peaceful, thentheir religion reflected their peaceful nature and didnt have things likesacrifices. The people in peaceful civilizations believed in their religionbecause they wanted to not because they were afraid to. A good example of thisis the Hebrews. The Hebrews were a peaceful people who disliked violence.Because of this peaceful nature, their religion taught determine like brotherhood,charity, human dignity, and universal peace. Violent cultures cause violentreligions and peaceful cultures create peaceful religionThe Greeks were a peaceful civilization. They believed in the idea ofmajority rule and they strongly believed in philos... ...nce and being different. It isnt a coincidence that their religioncontains many different gods each with its own personality and skills, likehumans. The Roman culture dealt with so many different cultures, that itsmorals were frequently changing. The Romans changed their religion three times.During the Middle Ages, there was a decline of intelligence, cleanliness, andoverall morals. The church became the tax collection agency, the hospital, andthe school, which is a direct correlation between the decline in morals. So theincrease in power of the church in the Middle Ages was because of a change inmorals. The Renaissance was a rebirth of ideas and morality. These changes hadthe greatest effect on the church, which had grown strong in the Middle Ages.The peoples changing morals forced them to adopt new religions like Luthernismand Protestantism. Morals are what define a human being. They become presentin every part of life, especially religion. Because civilization is moving sofast forward, peoples morals are changing rapidly too. When peoples moralschange, it changes their whole life. That is why there have been so manydifferent religions in the past.

Benefits of Indian Gaming and its role in Global Development of Tribal

Benefits of Indian Gaming and its role in Global Development of Tribal NationsIndigenous peoples throughout the world have suffered and continue to suffer incessantly since white people stepped foot onto their lands. In the Americas, countless incidents of genocide and blatant violations of human rights have occurred time and time again. Those indigenous to North America, known ordinarily as Indians or endemic Americans, have faced an immense amount of racism, hatred, and oppression on the very same land that was once their own, before it was stolen by the colonists. Native Americans have faced economic hardships that are unmatched by any other race in the United States the statistics are absolutely keel and horrifying to know that such impoverished communities and hardships still exist in America, the land of opportunity, a country that has surpassed all others in virtually all aspects. Fortunately, at heart the past decade there has been a significant rise in political partici pation and economic growth within Indian communities, which is largely contributed to by the rise of Indian Gaming, perhaps the most controversial subject affecting Indian country today. However, Indian Gaming, through economic development, proves to be a penetration to international and national recognition and affirmation of tribal sovereignty, encouraging self-determination among Native American tribes. The three objectives of this essay are to provide summaries of Federal Indian policy and the special federal-tribal relationship that allow Indian Gaming to take place, to describe the benefits of Indian Gaming on tribal economies and politics, and to discuss how this has contributed to participation of Native Americans on an international level and the fair... ...W. The Vanishing American. Wichita University Press of Kansas, 1982.5.Thornton, Russell. American Indian Holocaust and Survival A Population History Since 1492. Norman University of Oklahoma Press, 1942 .6.Horsman, Reginald. Expansion and American Indian Policy 1783-1812. Detroit Michigan State University Press, 1967.7.Orfield, Gary. A Study of the Termination Policy. Denver National Congress of American Indians, 1964.8.Wilkins, David E. American Indian Politics and the American Political System. Lanham Rowman and Littlefield Publishers, Inc., 2002.9.Lobo, Susan, Talbot, Steve. Native American Voices, A reader. Upper Saddle river, NJ Prentice Hall, Inc., 2001.10.Johnson, Troy R. Contemporary Native American Political Issues. Walnut creek Alta Mira Press, 1999.

Benefits of Indian Gaming and its role in Global Development of Tribal

Benefits of Indian Gaming and its role in Global tuition of Tribal NationsIndigenous peoples throughout the world have suffered and continue to suffer ever since white people stepped foot onto their lands. In the Americas, countless incidents of genocide and glary violations of human rights have occurred time and time again. Those indigenous to North America, known commonly as Indians or Native Americans, have faced an immense follow of racism, hatred, and oppression on the very same land that was once their own, before it was stolen by the colonists. Native Americans have faced economic hardships that are unmatched by any other race in the United States the statistics are absolutely staggering and horrifying to know that such impoverished communities and hardships still exist in America, the land of opportunity, a country that has surpassed all others in virtually all aspects. Fortunately, within the past decade there has been a significant rise in political participation and eco nomic growth within Indian communities, which is largely contributed to by the rise of Indian Gaming, perhaps the most controversial subject change Indian country today. However, Indian Gaming, through economic development, proves to be a gateway to international and national recognition and affirmation of tribal sovereignty, encouraging self-rule among Native American tribes. The three objectives of this essay are to provide summaries of Federal Indian policy and the special federal-tribal relationship that allow Indian Gaming to fool away place, to describe the benefits of Indian Gaming on tribal economies and politics, and to discuss how this has contributed to participation of Native Americans on an international level and the fair... ...W. The Vanishing American. Wichita University Press of Kansas, 1982.5.Thornton, Russell. American Indian final solution and Survival A Population History Since 1492. Norman University of Oklahoma Press, 1942.6.Horsman, Reginal d. Expansion and American Indian Policy 1783-1812. Detroit Michigan State University Press, 1967.7.Orfield, Gary. A Study of the release Policy. Denver National Congress of American Indians, 1964.8.Wilkins, David E. American Indian Politics and the American Political System. Lanham Rowman and Littlefield Publishers, Inc., 2002.9.Lobo, Susan, Talbot, Steve. Native American Voices, A reader. Upper Saddle river, NJ Prentice Hall, Inc., 2001.10.Johnson, Troy R. Contemporary Native American Political Issues. Walnut Creek Alta Mira Press, 1999.

Slavery by Another Name

Matt Henderson Dr. Hilbert The Cigarette Century March 23, 2009 The Cigarette Century Book Review The Cigarette Century, the unquesti matchlessd rise and dramatic ancestry of tooshie consumption in the United States. There are powerful cultural values that account for the resilience of the goat and the all the drama that lists along with it. The at once ever popular and more(prenominal) noticeable behavior take in had as we scram seen it progress and some clock decline has eventually become a marginalized and often stigmatized practice. The juvenile target, was born in the ripe 19th coulomb in the U.S, just for the longest time remained the exertions leave out and undersold mappingr placing 2nd under chewing tobacco and pipe tobacco. The rise of the cigarette simply changed the the Statesn Culture, burning through the nations industry, government, and obviously the science and wellness organizations as well. Cigarettes has more than fifty illnesses and twenty sheath s of death associated with it. Its absolutely insane to think at one point America saw have as glamorous or even a symbol of elegance, devastating millions of people with the effects of green goddess and the finishcers it holds as well.During human race War I and World War II, cigarettes were rationed to soldiers. In some countries as well as the U. S, make cigarettes a state monopoly, which the Unites states determines certain cigarette taxes and where tobacco for the cigarette is considered an internal ware which tends to get the least taxed. In this case, the government says that tobacco for the cigarette is a necessity because so many people buy them and essentially helps America grow stronger and in a lot of cases weaker along with the cigarette.Giant pieces of gloss, science, politics, law and global spread of the cigarette doesnt even pause to analyze the paradox of smoking that ultimately turns into your death. Smokers in America are ambushed with a wide variety of ov erwhelming tobacco advertising cultural aesthetics, peer pressure, the ever addicting nicotine, and turning to the young person urging for rebellion against the normalitys of society. The boom in smoking after World War I was recognized as well seen as a relaxant in order to combat the scalding stress of trench warfare.The cigarette dawned with the age and support from substantial manufacturing advances in technology and marketing strategies, which was set ahead moved along by dramatic shifts in American polish and social norms following the end of World War I. The cigarette and tobacco industry engulfed the entire nation in a single heartbeat. In the early 1900s, cigs accounted an astonishing 5% of all domestic tobacco that is until the near midcentury and the outbreak of the sulfur World War nearly half of all adults dirty dogd and even more for the enlisted men and women of the armed forces.All of a sudden cigarettes were everywhere with ashtrays littering every dwell offic es, clubs, and practically every American home as well. As Brandt describes that the tobacco companies were the rotten eggs from the start, they began to exploit and expand their product to the waiting hands of Americans. No health hazards of smoking were ever proven so it just seemed to add to the fact that smoking was ok and were readily available to all who wished to purchase them. all the same the cigarette and its mothering tobacco companies took a devastating blow after World War II when the connection was made between smoking and lung pubic louse. Being faced with curtailment news the tobacco industry constructed a formidable defense not denying the health chances of smoking, but illustrated another side to the story stating pleasurable affects and other gigantic statements that people were skeptical nearly. Brandt also writes that his book, The Cigarette Century breaks out into a meticulous record of numerous courtroom clashes that basically defined the life of a cigare tte and its place in American society.However these infamous trials have yet to cripple the industry as Brandt and many others had hoped to happen, but they have delivered mortal wounds more effectively in the beginning which brought upon years of documentation on the industries personal outlook on health concerns. Brandt Quotes Create an even Bigger Monster (AIDS) that has made every transaction since then feel like a deal with the devil, on top of a dance of death. He also concludes that cigarette tobacco is cancer ca using and promoting, extremely poisonous, and unfortunately stimulating, pleasurable and lavorful. No other domestic or imported has even come close to existence so heavily promoted or so deeply interlocked with the American consciousness. Also the reflection of mass marketing ultimately lead to cigs being presented in advertising and plastic film having deep ties and connections with fame and sex appeal. Even more surprising is that this product, cigarette tobac co has endured more scrutiny and criticism than any other product in the world. unused medical research and pure k in a flashledge of tobacco has also shaped the evolution and creation of modern medicine as well.In a last knock down effort Brandt tells the audience that these tobacco companies are trying to delay and disrupt these studies that could say-soly destroy the cigarette industry. But even as American agriculture has begun to show dominance and declined consumption cigarettes look to expand into new global markets. Before the cigarette thee was tobacco. Having being domesticated by early Native Americans tobacco and its many products would remain a foundation in our nations economy. Tobacco played a central role in behaviors, rituals, and social activities of the modern American.James Duke almost single handedly invented the modern day cigarette. U. S manufactures deployed hundreds of cig rollers in an effort to increase the lead besides there were many attempts to re place these workers with machines however the machines proven no match against the speed and precision of the human hand. Although the breakthrough came when James Bonsack introduced a rolling machine that could produce 200 cigs per minute basically as much as a human hand could produce in an hours time thus came the end of human rollers in the late 1800s.It would be almost 2 decades ulterior that the tobacco companies and congress would collide under the violation of the Sherman Act with basically sets limits on cartels and monopolies which fall under the just laws. These laws created by congress established free trade amongst companies, banning anti-competitive practices that tend to lead to such a dominant position, and supervising the mergers and acquisitions of large corporations. In may 1911, The American Tobacco Company was found guilty of violating the Sherman antitrust act and was ordered to dissolve.More court cases would present themselves under violation of the Sherma n antitrust act as key elements of cigarette consumption had been causely established. Many of these attributes went hand in hand with the increasing aggressiveness of the promotion of youth. The cigarettes dangerously addictive ingredients assured that once people became a smoker, youd most presumable remain a smoker. Duke never realized that cigarette would dominate the tobacco industry for decades to come as others thought it was just another fad in tobaccos long history.What he failed to realize was that this product, which he had done so much to invent would be a stepping stone of its modern development. Economic success and its material trappings of the cigarette invited moral failure. As the growing popularity of the cigarette threatened to shatter aspects of these threatened values, their guardians, the antitobacco movement would mount a defense against this upcoming threat. Brandt, states that its a fight to free our beloved nation from a form of moral slavery.In Los An geles people that believed in the antitobacco movement were directn into its cause and decided to seek treatment for their tobacco addictions thus changing American culture and promoting the idea of self-awareness of an respective(prenominal)s health. Although in New York petitioned to repeal a law that had banned cigarettes on the rear bumpers of their cars in which tobacco companies support. This very act of more state-supported space marked a critical attribute to the rise of the cigarette. The use of cigarettes in the force became the frontlines of this epic battleground.The cigarette to un-enlisted men seemed to project an image of military decorum as they were soon quick to enlist, however the military recommended that enlistees under the age of 21 be prohibited from smoking which rapidly ran into harsh resistance. By the time the United States entered World War I opposition of any age in the military seemed to cease to exist as the high risk of death throughout the was se emed to have some gratification when it came to smoking cigarettes in the trenches. The moral threat of smoking seemed just fine and seemed positively safe in the short run compared to all the violence and war going around the men.General Pershing of the United States Army pleaded back to the home front that they needed tobacco as much as bullets in order to win the war shitly showing the government yielding to cigarettes and its tobacco. Soldiers and pro-smoker activists agreed that tobacco may not be a necessity in life but it sure helps ease the hardships of war as nothing else could do making it seem like the culture now resided around the cigarette. During the war the American public combined its resources and shifted its views towards smoking and actually started to construct funds or smoking comforts for the boys overseas. The Army being surprised by the public effort began to issue out tobacco rations. Both World Wars would now mark the critical point in establishing the ci garette as the most dominate product of the modern American consumer culture. Rather than disrupting the rise of the consumer culture, both wars actually seemed to be accelerating the process. More overwhelmingly due to promotional efforts being closely tied to patriotism and morale, was proving to be incredibly successful transforming the cigarette into an ultimate cultural word picture.After the war, people were committed to the cigarette and the taste that came with it. The approach shot of the Camel by R. J Reynolds was the first to jump on the bandwagon and go after the taste of the cigarette being that the taste depended as much on the American culture as it did on the blend of tobacco. It was here that Camel became the first truly national cigarette brand covering the nation with its new taste and style. The on-going attacks led by non-smokers paradoxically made the cigarette even more powerful symbol of the modern culture and polished its appeal to all ages.More significa ntly the more violent and aggressive the attacks on cigarettes occurred the more popular it came. This cigarette century has finally arrived in America. Cigarettes and smoking apace spread through the culture and into gender sexuality, new manufacturing agencies and in a new age of consumer consumption and its design. These companies soon realized that smoking had become the social norm and they soon grew fervent to shape the new territory. Going after the women smokers companies advertised using women in frequent tobacco ads in an attempt to conjure both the female and the male.The refinement of the ads were simply to transform the young school girls and boys of America and convert them into cigarette addicts regardless of the already established medical and health findings on smoking dangers. policy-making figures and policy makers seemed to approve the creation of the product because of its increasingly positive effect on the nations economy. The cigarette really suggested to o many that its demand could be recognized and shaped by the techniques of advertising simply finding out Americas likes and dislikes and wants and what it doesnt want from the cigarette.The cigarette in this case simply reflected on the importance of its design in order to organize the new consumer consciousness for both male and female along with constructing the meaning and purpose of their product. There was lifelike competition as aggressive tactics copy and packaging were crucial in the destruction of all the competing tobacco companies. Companies invested millions into advertising their product through TV or even through the daily newspaper in order to reach out to their consumers. As new advertising media became available the industries moved quickly to seize these promotional opportunities.During the 1930s tobacco companies became the most famous and prolific advertisers on the commercial radio broadcasting to millions of Americans nationwide. By the 1930s it became eminen tly clear that cigarettes would once again dominate over all the other forms of tobacco consumption. The cigarette had surprising reverberated throughout the entire economy pushing tobacco to be the 4th largest cash crop in the nation and in some states it was the 1st. It had deeply seeded itself in the American culture and by the middle of the century had become central command in the modern nations industrial economy.Even as the consumer culture flourished, criticism remained, not only to the cigarette but the cultural norms as well. It would only become later in the century that health risks of smoking would present themselves in very powerful ways. The cigarette, the ultimate icon of our consumer culture, serves as a vehicle for people to explore critical aspects of American life. From agriculture to big business, from medicine to politics, The Cigarette Century shows how smoking came to be so deeply implicated in our culture, science, policy, and law.Now The World Health Organi zation now predicts 1 billion deaths over the next hundred years ten times as many as died in the 20th century. Smokers have a harder time healing from surgeries, and have more overall health issues than do nonsmokers as many people die every year from illnesses caused by smoking. Smoking increases your chances of getting cancer. Cigarette smoking may play a role in developing many kinds of cancer. Lung cancer is the most common kind of cancer caused by smoking. As the risk of losing your unborn baby or having a unsuccessful baby is higher if you are pregnant and smoke.Babies born to smoking mothers often weigh less, and are at a higher risk of sudden babe death syndrome (SIDS). Cardiovascular diseases are the main cause of death due to smoking being that 90% of lung cancer cases are due to smoking. Cancer can start in many areas of the mouth, with the most common being on or underneath the tongue, or on the lips. Cigarette smoking was such a normal thing and had been for such a lo ng time its difficult to even have considered that it could be associated with any sort of disease.Children and teens are especially vulnerable to the hazards of smoking. Because their bodies are not fully mature, smoking interferes with normal lung development in those who begin smoking as children or adolescents. Young people who smoke may become even more strongly addicted to cigarettes and face a greater risk for developing lung cancer than those who start smoking later in life. Teens who smoke are also more likely to have depression or other psychological problems. They are also more likely to engage in other dangerous behaviors like alcohol and/or experimenting with new drugs.Many people in this book did all they could to stop smoking however they were too little to late as soon many of them died as they had fallen victim to the very product that had been the center of their lives. The root causes of cigarette smoking sent shockwaves to the tobacco companies into its core. Phy sicians advised individuals to cut down on smoking however they couldnt guarantee anyone that any level of smoking would even be considered as safe. Cigarettes were tied as being the most feared disease of the century placing 2nd only to cancer.Research companies then banded together to focus on product design and make new modifications and small changes to enhance the mildness and try to vary the taste. Tobacco companies soon realized they had lost control of the cultural processes they had apply in their creation of the modern cigarette. Basically the industries found themselves in uncharted body of waters and the boat in which they were in was beginning to take on water fast. Having dealing with all these issues corporations responded with unethical disruptions and intrusions into the medical and scientific processes and procedures that were combating the cigarette.The scientists retaliated back by stating, If the tobacco people are smart, as we all know they are because they h ave been enormously successful, then they will support research to find out what the cancer-producing substance is, and then take measures in trying to remove it. Hill Knowlton was one of the worlds five largest public relations firms. The tobacco companies however had taken some precautionary measures of their own being that some local newspapers supported them stating that tobacco companies were taking the right steps in finding out if there was any truth or not in the recent scares about cigarette smoking and lung cancer.Despite all the attention that smoking was getting and accused of factoring human lung cancer, no one has yet established that cigarette smoke, or any of its known ingredients, was cancer causing to humans as research has shown us. Tobacco companies would repeatedly insist that the evidence for the relationship between smoking and lung cancer was based on statistical data and it fundamentally misrepresented the emerging scientific data. As we can conclude that the tobacco industries had used Hill Knowlton to its fullest potential placing the harms and health risks of smoking back in the realm of doubt amongst Americans.The industrys of course maintained its posture of scientific doubts that really created a epidermis that protected them against new regulatory initiatives. The identification of the cigarette as well as the causes of serious diseases has marked a critical turning point in history regarding public health. Just as the tobacco industrys had before created technology for mass producing cigarettes they had know developed new techniques of mass producing fray and doubt into the public. The public health service concluded that the evidence at hand places smoking as the primary factor in the increased incidences of lung cancer.Government agencies had now stepped in and begun to recognize and publicize the harms of cigarettes as well. With the huge amount of evidence from scientists and the government presented to the people its only logical for them at the time to draw their own conclusions regarding the concerning effects of cigarette smoking. Reports soon began to fall into the hands of the consumers as the industries sought an opportunity to change its course and begin to warn its consumers about the risks of using their product.Following the releases of these reports the government would assert new authority and take responsibility for the important health concerns during this time. It seemed like now the American public now looked to the government for scientifically public health policies concerning the cigarette. The cigarette seemed to now cower behind our constitution in order to shell itself from persecution now only from the government, but the American consumer. However its clear to the udience and the reader as well that Brandt wants us to realize that the cigarette smoker is aware of the medical evidence that clearly indicates cigarettes as the cause of cancer and yet the consumer continues t o smoke. Nevertheless, the consumer is aware that a moderate smoker substantially increases his chance of an early death. We can see that the tobacco industries have the power and use their power to shape opinions, behaviors, and actions, in ways that go completely against an individuals interests in health.For years it was seen that these companies have been completely exempt from our standards of responsibility and function when their product causes harm. It should be the right of the individual and consumer to demand that when problems arise the companies be held responsible and accountable for their harmful creation. Time and again, somehow the tobacco industry proves them as remarkable and more evidently successful in finding new ways to evade public health regulations and promote their own death-taking product.Its clear that they have all means to soil themselves deep into our country and more importantly our pockets. Its important to realize that in the process of recognizin g dangers of the cigarette come the strategies for controlling them. Brandt finally concludes that its clear now that with disappointments and failure in the courtrooms comes the responsibility and more importantly the power in a role society essential play that could ultimately decide the future and possibly fate of the tobacco industry.

Civilization of Ancient Greece

Greece produced classics in almost all genres of creative expression literature, philosophy, music, the visual arts, and architecture. These classics advanced the aesthetic principles of clarity simplicity, balance, regularity, and harmonious proportion. As a style, Classicism is characterized by these aesthetic principles and by the related ideals of reason, moderation, and dignity (Firer 29). Greek culture is a very original culture in their representation of life. A good example is the Parthenon.It towers in height with its beautifully elegant and simple design. It served as a shrine to Athena, the goddess of wisdom and war. Many people regard it each year for its history and uncommon structure. It had a columned design, made marble and realistic lifelike sculptures the first of its kind. Greek architecture has a special(prenominal) look and feel to it that has been repeated in inspiration of many artists. It has been used as a design for many current structures, including ban ks, and libraries. The Iliad and the Odyssey ar very unique epics that are the first of their kind.During the long period of political and social turmoil that followed, storytellers kept alive the history of early Greece, the adventures of Mycenaean, and the tales of the Trojan War, passing them orally from coevals to generation (32). It was not until at least the ninth century B. C. E. That these stories were transcribed and it was yet another three hundred years before they reached their present form. They became depicted object poems of ancient Greece, uniting Greek-speaking people by giving literary authority to their common heritage (33).They tell stories that the Greeks held close and wanted to last continuously inwardly their culture. These are even used for Inspiration today in writing and poetry. Both are also taught In high school In basic literature classes. They carry lessons that we use In todays culture for example, the concepts that everyone makes mistakes (even heroes), to follow directions, loyalty, and to never give up or let go for the ones that you love. All of these life lessons are very Important In our culture today. Work Cited Hero, Gloria K. Landmarks In Humanities. D deed. New York. McGraw Hill, 2013. Print Civilization of Ancient Greece By pleasantries and wanted to last forever within their culture. These are even used for inspiration today in writing and poetry. Both are also taught in high school in basic literature classes.

Developing the Leader in You Essay

AbstractAristotles philosophy on leading states, Men make themselves attractors by performing acts of leading. This paper is written to bring forth a better visualizeing of leaders ontogenesis. Following the understanding, will be an ex deviseation of key detailors that argon prominent to leadership, and why it must be covered. Great insight will be brought forth in elaborating on collaboration as the key to developing smashing leaders. Life experiences will certainly vex an impact on how potently a leader develops good character, and how experiences can hinder and strengthen a leaders ability to motivate former(a)s and create bon ton growth. Flexibility and adaptability in cattiness of any circumstance can be the factor to make or break a situation, in coming toward the end of this paper it can be said that learning about continuous change can be deemed as extremely valuable in their leadership career in knowing how to bend when the wind blows. Finally, a lesson in life i ts non a fairy tale, learning to accept failures and successes alike.The Leader in YouThe most important factorsLeadership principles can be taught to the masses, although behaviors in a great leader is a learned trait acquired over time. The crucial word in leadership is self-confidenceworthiness, a behavior that Cam, Caldwell, et al. (2010) state is associated with an individuals perception regarding image, knowledge, and development style is of utmost importance (p. 500). Developing the leader within entails evolving through experimentation as a person learns new-fashioned innovative approaches to solutions and problems. In time, new challenges arise that once seemed insurmountable, are now a part of the pragmatic approach that defines a leaders leadership style and strategic ability to overcome. To crap this stage in leadership empowers an individual, and reaffirms the persons ability to exert the skills to make informed decisions. This also means that the leader is in no w ay influenced by anyone in what to say or do guiding and directing is the mark of an effective leader.The leaders most effective tool is to constantly develop themselves neer stop learning. The most important characteristics of an effective leader are to have their own identity, having openness to change, have self-respect, make good choices, be sincere and authentic, prevail a sense of humor, be willing to make mistakes-admit and learn from them, have an appreciation for cultural differences, genuinely care about others, maintain effective social communication skills, receive meaning and purpose from their work, be cholerate about their work, and maintain healthy boundaries. Realize that no leader is perfect, and may non have all of these qualities Although, should strive to be well-rounded for the sake of the people they are mentoring, and themselves. Truth be told, the key or ticket to accomplishing the most vexing challengescollaboration. quislingism is the key to developi ng great leadersA collaborative relationship is based on mutual reciprocation of which is intended to assist each other in personal growth and development toward new levels of understanding to improve each others lives. In this section of the paper, the question that should be asked is, What type of leader does a person want to be known forand how do they wish to be perceived by the people they are developing? This question has many answers, although to contour it, the leader should be known for being innovative, results-oriented, and having a collaborative leadership style.This means that the leader will creatively expand the proverbial pie into equal sections, and speech in different talents and abilities to work together to solve a problem. One of the advantages of working together is that everyone is enthusiastic, motivating each other, and willing to implement the group plan because they developed it. There is organizational empowerment that comes with collaborative work like this, it is a win/win for a company and the leader due to the fact that within these groups on that point is constantly an opportunity to train new leaders, get broader substantive results, and assist subordinates to bond learning that two or more heads are better than one in accomplishing projects. Bali (2011) states that, leadership is less about what we do and more about what we becomeand in the processhow we influence and learn from those about us. (p.11)People who aspire to become leaders, must know their strengths and wonkynesses in array to develop either a stronger competence in the area they are weak in, or challenge themselves in areas where their strengths excel this shows subordinates that you are not above personal self development and will encourage others to do the same. Competence is never enough for a great leader it demands lawfulness and good moral character which influences the next generation of leaders. Leadership and good characterCompetence without inte grity and character is worthless. A leader may know how to perform the job and lead the people to accomplish tasks, although without character they may cut corners if you will, and not always do the right thing. This behavior is detrimental to a companys future, and those of the people under them. A leader with good character, integrity, and competence is unwavering and can be counted on to do the right thing, build a companys reputation to be strong and unyielding, and establishes a foundation of trust with everyone involved. The purpose that character and integrity serves has to do with the specific times when their leadership road gets rocky, and at the edge of failure Time and time again it is seen in the media that people fall from great heights within an organization, and instead of strategizing accordingly, their lack of integrity and character lead them to corruption, and sacrificing their reputations and principles for immediate satisfaction due to their egotistic need f or self gratification.What is interestingly true, is that the leader who does have a strong-steadfast foundation within them, leads the organization in a smooth, effective, and successful manner so a good deal so that because they have avoided potential threats a company may face most of the time they will not receive the credit due them because there wasnt any catastrophe to see. This leader is defined as having intrinsic motivation in their leadership style that states they are internally motivated with their passion and vision to reach their goals instead of using external motivation like money and rewards. Eubanks et al. (2012), state that organizations should proactively develop leaders sensemaking skills so that they can better understand and enact ethical decisions (p. 2). A great leader is able adapt to change for the betterment of a companys future endeavors and growth, and is perhaps the maven most important leadership competency.Having to bend when the wind blowsFlexibi lity and adaptability to change It helps a leader understand that they have control over their destinies in spite of the current circumstances and they can change it all by the choices they make in the present that affect the future learning from the past in order to press forward. Leaders know that major change is hard enough, but continuous change is much harder. What is meant by this is that most companies have a outline that works and they stick to it, and then establish a arrangement that ensures it will always work for them. Most companies will palpate that when the bottom line is not being met, they place as much as much effort as they can to try and reboot or resuscitate a system doomed to fail because they have not established long term back up plans. So what is left, is a company in a put down where stagnation is festering.In order to improve, great leaders will recognize they have to change and adapt to new innovative ways so that the company can work its way out of s tagnation and into a position of growth reinventing the structure of the company forcing stabilization. Mastery in this level of leadership involves someone who is seasoned enough to know that through many experiences throughout their carrier, it is flexibility and adaptability that is the core driving a company to new heights.A company knows that the care for within doesnt come from the people filling in positions, but the skills they bring to the table that make a company thrive It is because of these skilled individuals that an effective leader can motivate and guide people to reach their potential and achieve tougher and challenging goals especially in uncertain times (Nixon et al., 2012, p. 208). Leadership is a fine art, where hope, aspirations, and innovation are the catalysts that bring forth new approaches from different perspectives which lift the constraints of old practices that hinder the progress of a company. The flip-side to great leadership is that things begette rt always turn out the way they are suppose to, and the results can be anything but a fairytale Leadership, anything but a fairytaleReality is the last thing that would ever be discussed in a fairytale, much less the detrimental repercussions of the characters actions. Nearly everyones world begins with parents reading their baby fairytales, and their impressionable minds continue to believe that life will go on this smoothly. Although the underlying reason is to give everyone hope, imagination, and to strive for that happinessin the business world, and leadership positions people are being set up for failure high expectations are great, as long as they arent unrealistic.Penner (2009) states, The problem arises when we benchmark our lives with these greats. We find that in the real world life is generally not perfect, that we do have to work hard at what we do and sometimes we are not successful.(p.2). Innovative minds come from creative thinking outside the box, which does come fr om fairytales, but have to be used constructively. Steve Jobs, leader in technology, will be the original to tell you, People who are crazy enough to think they can change the world, are usually the ones that do.ConclusionThroughout this paper, I have verbalized my thoughts on the development of leadership and effects on a company, collaborative relationships, adaptability and change, why good character in leadership is important, and the most important factors in leadership This paper is full of valuable insight for those who plan on enhancing their careers in their current field of leadership, or those whose future career may search on the knowledge. Leadership is a gift, one that directly affects the lives of others, in developing the skills for future leadership positions. In finishing this paper, one can conclude that leadership traits can influence the success and failure of a company, and mentorship of one or many individuals.ReferencesBali, V. (2011). Leadership lessons f rom everyday life. Leader to Leader, 60, 7-11.Caldwell, C., Hayes, L.A., & Long, D.T. (2010). Leadership, trustworthiness, and ethical stewardship. Journal of Business Ethics, 96(4), 497-512. inside 10.1007/s10551-010-0489-yEubanks, D.L., Brown, A.D., & Yberna, S. (2012). Leadership, identity, and ethics. Journal of Business Ethics, 107(1), 1-3. doi 10.1007/s10551-012-1295-5.Nixon, P., Harrington, M., & Parker, D. (2012). Leadership performance is significant to project success or failure a critical analysis. International Journal of productiveness and Performance Management, 61(2), 204-216. doi 10.1108/17410401211194699Penner, D.S. (2009). Leadership Facing the fairytale. Journal of Applied Christian Leadership, 3(1), 7-10.

Comparison between Spanish and British methods of colonization

Making a comparison between the Spanish and British methods of colonization posterior be useful to comprehend all the motives our ancestors had to impose its civilization in America and also to on a lower floorstand all the consequences of all this events that at the present time can be noticed. The Spanish colonization of America began with the entrance in the western hemisphere of Christopher Columbus in 1942, influenced by the necessity to find an alternative avenue for the trade of spices as well as the grown desires to find gold and silver.Is well known that one of the most powerful purposes of Spanish was to take supreme advantage of the resources of America, especially the gold, in order to return to Spain and become a wealthy kingdom. One of the obstacles Spanish people found in their way to impress their goal were the extensive areas with huge quantity of native population that inhabited the American continent in addition to their different foreign language. Another gr eat factor that limited the Spanish people was the diseases they brought with themselves. Since the native populations did not see any resistance to those diseases, the American population decimated.The limitations they had were as important as the choices they decided to make. One of the actions they made was to displace the original cultures that already were established in the American territory in order to take their land and organize it under their sovereignty. Another aspect they established was that the Native Americans would not be submitted to a sla really politics, but to a regime of Encomienda (commission). The Encomienda established that the Indians had to work obligatorily for the Spanish person that was turning out to be their agent.One of the most outstanding consequences of all of these events, was the slowly but surely destruction of most of the Natives because of the European diseases and the systems of forced weary (such as the Encomienda). Another result was the conversion of the American population to the Catholicism, forced by the Spanish Empire. This particular mission was widely successful since nowadays one-half of the Catholics of the world live in Latin America. Also is important to mention the Mestizo class formed by the Natives and the Spanish intermarriages. In the other hand, British colonization of America began in the late 16th century.Unlike the Spanish, the British were looking for richness for themselves and not for their empire. Another difference is that the British came to America not with the figure to conquer and exploit this new land, but simply with the desire to settle themselves in it. The limitations that stopped the British to attain their goal are similar to the constraints Spaniards had. A few of those are the European diseases and the language as well as the native population that inhabited America, even though at that moment at that place was a small number of natives the British tried to colonize. The B ritish made very different decisions than the Spanish did.Instead of returning to Europe and make their country a wealthy nation, they preferred to begin a new life in a new land. They created farms and built cities. They also used a different regime called Headright System that consisted in granting every male head of household who came to the New World a land of 50 acres. The outcomes of the British method of colonization gestate one aspect similar to the Spanish the destruction of the Indian culture, mainly because of the European diseases. But contrary to the Spanish situation, in the British sector the mestizaje was very low or non-existent.Also, we can observe that the British were successful on having fulfilled their goal of beginning a new life in a new land. Finally I consider the Spanish were incredibly cruel in their colonization method. On the other hand I believe the British used a better method giving to their colonization a certain freedom of development and respecti ng their culture in a certain level. I believe that it was a more civilized way of having the natives calmed, and clearly the correct way. This can be noticed now when we see that the countries colonized by England have a more notable advance in technology and civilization.

Physiology and Medications of the Lumbar Disc Disease

Lumbar Disc unsoundness, as the name implies, is a disease attacking the lumbar range of the spinal newspaper column that is characterized by general pain, flunk, and numbness in any section of the lumbar areafive segments in the lower extremities of the spinal column and the disc connecting them or the intervertebral disc. Lumbar Disc Disease is often used interchangeably with the following associated medical terms sciatica, lumbosacral radiculopathy (or simply radiculopathy), LBP (Lower arse Pain), (LRS)lumbosacral radicular syndrome, and herniated disc.Technically speaking though LRS or radiculopathy would be descriptive of the more specific leg pain or the sciatica. Physiology of the disease involves the rupture, herniated, or bulged condition of the intervertebral disc caused by disc com muddleion through dehydration in the affected discoid area and accompanied by bulging out of burden pulposus and degeneration of the annulus fibrosis. Further disc degeneration can lead to herniated condition whereby the nucleus pulposus ruptures from the outer ring region and effecting weight or press on the sensitive sides sublocated between disc spaces or the lumbar epidural spaces.Due to the weight or the press, the affected person experiences pain in the aforementioned region. The impingement on the nerve roots or the sinuvertebral nerves caused neurological symptoms in the regions that are supplied by the affected nerves. Disc herniation ordinarily attacks between the fifth and the fourth lumbar bodies (L4-5) and the fifth lumbar body and the immediate sacral region (L5-S1). Size of the disc herniation is irrelevant to the clumsiness of the symptoms of the radiculopathy.Inflammation from the disc hernia may also have resulted from increased activity of the phospholipase A2, nitric oxide, prostaglandin E, leukotriene B4 and thromboxane B2 in the disc region as caused by the hernia initiating sensitive and inflammatory responses. Such disease is a common ailm ent in the elderly or the aging individuals. It occurs on four per cent of the US macrocosm with ages from 40 to 60 for both male and female gender.Specific symptoms of the disease are dependent on the lumbar disc press on the specific nerve ends and may include any or a combination of the following (1) intermittent or continuous back pain, (2) back muscle spasm, (3) sciatica, (4) muscle weakness/numbness in the lower extremities, (5) decreased joint reflexes, and (6) possible bladder malfunction. Symptoms may persist for more than a month. The disease is diagnosed through medical tale examination, physical examination, x-ray diffraction, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), Computed tomography (CT) scanning, Discography, Myelogram and Electrodiagnosis (e.g. Needle electromyography). Neurological and musculoskeletal systems possible dysfunctions are observed well to detect sensory or motor deficits. As of recent, lumbar disc disease treatment would include conservative therapy (non- operative) physical therapy (e. g. L5 reflex assessment), stress step-down programs, lumbosacral back support, weight management and medications for alleviating the painful symptomsand operative therapy or the surgery or removal of the affected lumbar region, otherwise known as lumbar disketomy.In a study for the assessing the efficacy of surgery for lumbar disc disease conducted by Weinstein and colleagues in 2006, it was found out that both operative and non-operative therapy for set the disease demonstrated substantial improvement in their conditions, however, the authors, did not indicate which therapy is more effective downplaying it to statistical insignificance. Bibliography Herniated Nucleus Pulposus (Slipped Disk) (2006). Retrieved January 10, 2008 from http//health. nytimes. com/health/guides/disease/herniated-nucleus-pulposus-slipped-disk/overview. htmlLumbar Disc Disease (Herniated Disc). Retrieved January 10, 2008 from http//www. ohsu. edu/health/health-topics/topic . cfm? id =8838. Malanga, G. (2007) Lumbosacral Radiculopathy. Retrieved January 10, 2008 from http//www. emedicine. com/SPORTS/topic66. htm Weinstein, J. et al. (2006). Surgical vs Nonoperative Treatment for Lumbar Disk Herniation. JAMA,. 2006, 2962441-2450. Retrieved January 10, 2008 from http//jama. ama-assn. org/cgi/content/full/296/20/2441 What You Need to Know About Sciatica. (2007) Retrieved January 10, 2008 from http//www. spine-health. com/topics/cd/d_sciatica/sciatica. html

Postcolonial Novel Essay

To fully understand Chinua Achebes book Things Fall Apart, one must non fall for the idea that there is one main purpose for the novel. Simply stated the story is much in like manner rich and complex for that. The themes of Okonkwos life, and the Ibo horti floriculture, are iifold it is the relation of the skirmish between an soulfulness and society, and also the description of the engagement between the larger forces of cultures clashing. Support for this dual thesis is overwhelming. To begin with the text itself-importance demands that interpretation. Things Fall Apart cl first begins with a centre directly aimed upon the main character of Okonkwo.It is going to revolve around his life. However, at the very same time, the protagonist is not mentioned even one time early on without being connected simultaneously with thoughts of both his kinsperson village and the larger culture of the Ibo people. This cannot be ignored. One could argue that or else than being a larger p urpose book Things Fall Apart is just a novel of the life and growth of one man, but this is rather silly and simple. The form of address of the book puts one right on the path to refuting this, giving scope to a larger meaning. It is clearly encouraging one to look at larger things as opposed to a person.This is coupled with the basis for the title itself, quoted on the flyleaf The Yeats poem The Second Coming Turning and turning in a railroad siding gyre The falcon cannot hear the falconer Things fall apart the center cannot hold Mere anarchy is loosed upon the world. (Quoted in Things Fall Apart). Therefore given the context of a large chaotic world it would be more than naive to assume a different interpretation, that of a more concentrated work establish upon an individual. To best prove the ambivalent statement of purpose about Achebes novel it is vital to review critical and popular commentary.This book has struck a highly resonant chord with readers in the fifty years sinc e its first publication. It unabashedly describes an African culture in much(prenominal) a way that the creator of the society is shown, and the power of the African individual is also demonstrated. Naturally, all minority companys and oppressed people can find inspiration within the pages. As a result, as may be expected, strong opinions have been catalogued as analysis over time. This paper reviews two such supports for each purpose stated in the thesis. The first part hatfuls with the conflict between individuals and society. The unproblematic source naturally is the book itself.Briefly paraphrased Okonkwo is a sound known warrior. He is extremely self centered and important at the beginning of the novel. This has as its roots a severe cynicism regarding the life and experiences of his father Unoka. In a world where the society of Ibo is stronger than the individuals, this inadequacy of respect seeps into Okonkwos world. The foible is too much and eventually pits him at od ds with his society. Charles H. Rowell held a conversation regarding this aspect of Things Fall Apart with the author himself. What resulted was a fine understanding and sense of this thesis by dint of the words of Achebe.One example of his thought process and the workings of the story of Okonkwo on a private direct is this answer. People are expecting from literature serious comment on their lives. They are not expecting frivolity (250). Or as Rowell comments, the creation of Achebes stories such as Okonkwos are not made just to entertain. They are to connect with readers about their own experiences and then instruct them from there. Rowells interview shows an awareness of the importance of the social story. His questions aim to reveal this oft overlooked aspect of writings such as Things Fall Apart.It is tempting, he relates to merely dismiss (if this is even fair wording) the book as commenting all on the larger theme of Ibo society and what happens when an established socia l realm is invaded by foreigners. Instead he and Achebe through the discussion point to the power of a narrative surrounding the conflict that one can have on a smaller, more concentrated level the conflict that occurs when one runs counter to their own societys expectations. When Okonkwo becomes too heavily involved on a personal level with the sacrifice of the beside Mbaino culture, he runs into direct opposition to the world directly around him.That and his character traits create early conflict and show to the world a story base upon that an important revelation to readers across the spectrum that may find themselves sometimes in this predicament. The biography of Achebe by Ezenwa-Ohaeto reveals this purpose to be true as well. And this comes from a preaching of just where Achebe was in his own personal life and the moods and hopes that he possessed while writing the book. He was working as a controller at the time in Eastern Region when he first began attempting to introduc e Things Fall Apart to the publishing world.At this time, he ran into the sort of direct conflict with his own society, ironically, that he would develop in the story of Okonkwo. There was great objection to a book about Africans by Africans at the time. The 1950s were not exactly a compassionate moment for the words of Africans. Independence was on the horizon for many countries, but there was also a great extend of fear. This desire of many to not rock the boat, so to speak, put those who would speak out in a path of intersection with their own society (65). This only encouraged Achebe to produce a vision of that for his protagonist.There must be the strong character trait in one that wishes to change his social culture for the better, he reflects in his novel. The experience of Okonkwo is the experience of an individual in conflict with his society and the results that may come, unexpected or not, from that. The second section concerns itself with the conflict inwrought when tw o cultures clash. This is the broader perspective, necessarily, compared to the experience of the individual. This also is the more basic and popular understanding of the novel. It is very easy to see all of the reasons why.Again, a look at the primary source of the novel is the starting point for any discussion. Commentary on the book will never quite serve the reader as well as the book itself. And what does it indicate? Most of the second section of the story is examining what happened to the Ibo people and their culture when the white culture insidiously worked their way into it. It broke the home culture into pieces. Things did, indeed fall apart. Consider this quote directly from the book If we fight the stranger we shall hit our brothers and perhaps shed the book of a clansman. unless we must do it.Our fathers never dreamed of such a thing, they never killed their brothers. But a white man never came to them. So we must do what our fathers would never have done. (Achebe 203) . There is no better analysis of this second theme of Achebes work. Two cultures clash. Chaos results. And yet that is only the superficial storey of the problem, as this quote clearly shows. The problem that occurs when cultures come into contact and then conflict with each other is the assimilation effect. There will always be faction that fall prey to the invaders and their attractive ideas. Sometimes that is enough for them to forget the values of their peoples.This conflict then with their own home society can sweat open resentment and actual warfare. Then the culture falls into shambles even worse as shared societal values are discarded. In the end there are not only two social cultures left the home and the invaders. There are three the home culture, the invaders, and the home culture that is infected by the invaders. None of them are true allies and only further conflict can be expected. Chapter three of John Balls book Satire and the Postcolonial Novel (79-114) examines t his issue and the breakdown that results from it.He takes the even larger view that is used often as well when looking at the clashing of the Ibo with the whites that have come into their world. He reviews this setting of Things Fall Apart to be a criticism and revelation of the greater issues of colonialism in Africa (and other move of the world, for that matter) as seen through one African authors eyes. Rather than look too thoroughly at the early parts of the novel, he focuses rather on the part of the book in which the two cultures come into contact. This is the point of departure for this second theme.It is accurate to say that most of the pages from that spot and onward deal with this ethnical clashing issue. I think, too, that it is accurate that this does work as a satire. That is to say that I fully believe that Achebe is trying to achieve this effect. Only too well did he personally understand what happens when two completely variant cultures meet. His hope and the hope o f the Africans around him was that if treated peacefully, the foreign culture would come in and only benefit them, but he also saw the harsher side of the realities.This is how Things Fall Apart deals with the situation. Ball is not the only one who could see this cheek in the novel and in other works by Achebe. It is a strong defense of the idea that one of the two main themes of the book is that of what happens when two cultures clash. A final proof would use is Isidore Okpewhos commentary on Achebe in Chinua Achebes Things Fall Apart A Casebook. She sees too this problem with assimilation, cultural conflict and resultant expectations. These are all the values and stories of Things Fall Apart.Seen from the outside she has several comments and thoughts about how these topics are addressed by connecting them to the outside world at the time of the writing. She describes the authorship of this book as being a succession of forces controlling his Achebes development as a writer (5). This is a great assessment. It sets the spirit level for understanding the direction of his landmark work Things Fall Apart. It is indeed this stage that the book concerns itself with. There is a succession of forces, to use Okpewhos words, that are playacting upon the Ibo culture.These control the development of the world of that African region and create mass conflict between the two cultures. The assimilation effects, she continues, were strongest in the Ibo part of the world. This is accurately reflected, too, in the sinister ways in which the foreigners crept in with their influences. That is the warning cry of Okonkwo with the text. He sees that the policy of indirect rule is only designed to place one group of people into opposition with another group of their own people. This splinters and fragments the strength of the initial cultures.It created enemies where there werent any other, as reflected in the quote concerning the cleansing of brethren, used above. This was the white way. It is no surprise then, that this theme would find its way so strongly into Things Fall Apart. The topic is addressed as a cautionary tale. Achebe had already seen this happen in his own world. He saw the sad results. He knew how destructive the penetration of home cultures could be. All of these can be open in Part Three of the book. It is already too late, said Obierika sadly. Our own men and our sons have joined the ranks of the stranger.They have joined his religion and they help to advocate his government (176). It is the despondent tone of the theme describing the clash of cultures. All of the above commentary from several sources, combined with a close and analytical reading of Chinua Achebes Things Fall Apart reveals the thesis to be strongly supported. Of the novels purpose, two things then are true it aim to relate an expression of conflict between an individual and society, while concurrently exploring the description of conflicts resulting from the larger f orces of cultures clashing. References Achebe, Chinua.Things Fall Apart. New York Anchor Books, 1994. Print. Ball, John C. Satire & the Postcolonial Novel V. S. Naipaul, Chinua Achebe, Salman Rushdie. New York Routledge, 2003. 79-114. Print. Ohaeto, Ezenwa. Chinua Achebe A Biography. Oxford crowd together Currey, 1997. Print. Okpewho, Isidore, Ed. Chinua Achebes Things Fall Apart A Casebook. Oxford UP, 2003. Print. Rowell, Charles H. An Interview with Chinua Achebe. Chinua Achebes Things Fall Apart A Casebook. Ed. Isidore Okpewho. Oxford UP, 2003. 249-272. Print. Conversations with Chinua Achebe. Ed. Bernth Lindfors. Jackson, MS UP, 1997. Print.

Impact of Foreign Banks on Banking in Emerging Economies Essay

Increased technology and innovationInternational banking in appearmarket have some advantages from the technology and innovation. The advanced technology and innovation strategy could even surpass the conventional technology and innovation. For example, they could improve productivity, increase in market and increase the competition and so on . Innovations in customer finger and superior customer service delivery, network integration. (Infosys 2000). For example, the internet and computer system have a useful communication system to connect the consumer and bank. In insouciant life, customer often use the mobile phone, computer transfer the money. At the same time, innovation and technology is a lower cost of the banking system in the emerging market. The increased technology and innovation in emerging market may help the banking system make a clear communication for their employee, stockholder and consumer. As a result, banks in emerging markets be leapfrogging their rich-world rivals in efficiency, technology and innovation (special report international banking 2011).Increased liquidity and solvencyComparing with the local banking system, the unknown banks on banking in emerging market have different kind of comparative advantage. The reason is emerging market allow opposed bank entre to local market. This is lead to the higher liquidity and solvency. Foreign direct investment is a useful fund source for local market. At the same time, the foreign banks likewise have important roles which represent a borrower. For example, foreign banks have an enough capital base and asset. Foreign banks have played a study role in financing emerging market (EMEs) in recent year. Increased liquidity and solvency has helped emerging markets to develop their economies and allocate capital and financial know-how efficiently across countries (Agustn Villar )Disadvantage Complex global policies and challenges international banking There are some negative factors occur in global banks in emerging economies. One of the important factors is complex global policies. For example, the foreign banks are an extension of parent bank which sent to managers to overseas. Different banking system has different policies. Meanwhile, the government also comes up with stricter policies. As a result, foreign banks should face a lot of complicated policies in emerging market. The collapse of Barings was a demonstration of how different countries supervisors are failing to communicate with each other.( the economist 1997). This opinion shows that the international banking in emerging market should have a closer supervisor.

Government by the People Essay

The population growth has caused concern for umpteen Americans because of the terms of numbers and poverty that comes with this growth. There is a pattern showing of wealth transferring from poorer nations to the richer nations of the globe and the discipline technology revolution is speeding this cycle up. With population growth reaching sensitive heights new concerns for increasing urban growth has emerged. Planning for transportation, environment protection, or management of water and other resources are needed.Unregulated markets forces will hurt individualistics and politics as usual will not mandate executable growth patterns or protect the air, water and natural beauty of our country. Planning and growth depends on earthly concern support and market forces. In order for plans to be useful they must show he said(prenominal) interests and values of major groups within the community of interests. Even with the fear of the political sympathies, something that is generall y accepted hampers a lot of effective planning.But it is clear that for any planning to work there must a consensus between planners, community leaders, and the popularly elected officials who must bear the responsibility for implementing the plans (Magleby, OBrien, Light, Peltason & Cronin, 2006, p. 649). This planning for our country, communities and societies on with its citizens has apt(p) the joined States the status of world power. But controversy has erupted from the resent war with Iraq that questions our authority.Ive heard many individual claims that America is expanding its empire, alternatively than fighting for freedom. Our rise to a world power has come because of our industry, colleges and universities, multiple government institutions, military strengths. This along with our innovations in science, technology and medicine catapulted us into our status. Development of such things as picture and jet airliners gave America the edge it needed to jump to the top of th e ladder. They stupefy also helped to spread our ideologies of nation and westernization.It has created globalization and keeps it going. Our commerce and business growth has only helped with this globalization. Companies, such as IBM and General Motors have given the national government firm grounds in business. Our national government promotes a prosperous economy through its monetary and fiscal policies (Magleby, OBrien, Light, Peltason, & Cronin, 2006, p. 437). The Department of Commerce has been at the center of the governments efforts to promote economic growth and encourage businesses to do research and new development.These companies are at the aggregate of this economic growth plan. But more recently new development has been needed to keep these companies directionless as technology and innovation continues to climb new heights. Turning outdated companies into the companies of the future. The introduction of the electronic expressway mandates companies to use e-commer ce and if they cant they might get left behind. The internet has given us a faster way for just about everything. It has even influenced society, culture and lifestyles.The Progressive Era began in join States during the mid 1890s and continued through World War I. It was a time when individuals were beginning to have concerns with the state of society. It also brought about a belief in human compassion and how new innovations along with scientific investigation could somehow show what the problem was with ways of solving the problems. This reformation shows even in todays time. Our social construct has great bearing on our national government. Take for exercise the debate on same-sex marriages.Our government has made laws that pertain to this issue, but some in society call up government has gone too far. But the core issue at stake, that I believe, has something to do with insurance. I dont believe that our national government is trying to establish social norms, but rather mai ntain certain expectations of commerce and business.Reference Magleby, D. B. , OBrien, D. , Light, P. , Peltason, J. W. , & Cronin, T. E. (2006). Government by the People National, State, and Local 21st. Ed. forward-looking Jersey Prentice Hall.

External & Global Environment of Louis Vuitton in Japan Essay

IntroductionThis case study is on the external and global environment of Louis Vuitton (LV) in lacquer. For many years, Japan has been Louis Vuittons most profitable market but the economic crisis has had a banish effect on sales sales have disdaind in the past few years. According to capital of Japan Fashion News in November of 2008, LV has seen more than a 5% decline in sales in Japan so far this year (para. 3). They attribute the decline to one of two things, the decline in the Japanese frugality or that LV has fallen out of favor with the Japanese people. digest of the SituationWith a decline in the economy, Louis Vuitton has been forced to open put ins that offer a lower priced collection. The Japanese economy can no longer support the high-end collector name brands that it used to but Japan is in love with LV. Based on sales figures and brand image indicators, we have compiled Asias choke Ten. It confirms what every luxe-loving Asian already knows There is nothing to be at the charms of Louis Vuitton and Rolex (Chadha, R. & Husband, Paul, 2006, para. 5). Key IssuesThe number one severalize issue would be the decline in the economy. The mo key issue is that the Japanese ar looking for a good deal, good appraise to increase. The third key issue is the number of competitors in the Japanese markets that offer sumptuosity products. Define the puzzleIn 2008, the economy in Japan and all everywhere the world took a nosedive peoplewere worried about making ends meet and severely chop down on buying lavishness items. People started looking for products that offer a better value for their yen and became more cost conscious of what they were buying. There is serious competition in Japan for the luxury market. Among the competitors are Rolex, Cartier, Gucci, Chanel, and Prada to name a few (Table 1.1). Alternative SolutionsOne alternative solution would be to constitute a less expensive product and market it to a larger segment of the market. A sec ond solution would be to improve the quality of their product and continue to market as a luxury item. A third solution would be to offer a middle of the line product open online that would draw the customers away from the other luxury item companies that would not require a storefront. Selected Solution to the ProblemThe selected solution to the problem would be to offer a middle of the line product available only when online. By offering the products online the union would not be require to have a physical store for customers to come into. This would cut costs dramatically there would not be the overhead of operating a store, paying employees, or paying the costs of running a store. This would also offer customers the convenience of obtain from home. ImplementationImplementation of this plan could be tricky. The company neexplosive detection system to make sure they have the power to handle a large volume of internet orders and they need the inventory on hand so they could sh ip items in a timely manner. Probably a million small details bequeath need to be dealt with so the company needs to do some brainstorming with employees and management as to what problems may arise at implementation. Being prepared for any unforeseen problems would be very principal(prenominal) before implementation, do not wait until problems arise to brainstorm solutions. By making sure they are prepared for orders, word-of-mouth advertising could be a huge advantage. Secondly, the company would have to make up a great advertisement candidature targeting the middle-class and the products that would be available. RecommendationsLouis Vuitton should start a marketing campaign instructioning on the middle class in Japan offering mid-priced products that are available altogether online. The company should focus on smaller, out of the way cities first that do not have price of admission to the higher priced stores and move out from there. Depending on the success of the marketin g campaign in the smaller cities, the company should move to the larger cities where they have stores in order of population starting from smallest to largest. If these campaigns are successful, they could consider touching outside of Japan into China. ConclusionWhile Louis Vuitton is very popular in Japan, the decline in the economy has affected sales. Because there are so many other luxury stores in Japan, the company should focus on the larger, middle class segment of the population. By offering a lower priced, quality product the company could gain market share by attracting more customers from a larger population of people. fling these products online opens the door for customers that do not live in an area where their stores are located.ReferencesLouis Vuitton Japan Lowering Prices. (2008, November 29). capital of Japan Fashion News RSS. Retrieved June 9, 2014, from http//tokyofashion.com/louis-vuitton-japan- lowering-prices/Chadha, R., & Husband, P. (2006, January 1). The Cu lt of the Luxury Brand Inside Asias Love Affair With Luxury. . Retrieved June 9, 2014, from http//eds.a.ebscohost.com.lib.kaplan.edu/eds/results?sid=d07a16b5-4279-45c4-925174ed637b11f1%40sessionmgr4004&vid=3&hid=4110&bquery=DE+%22Brand+name+products++Social+aspects+Asia%22&bdata=JmNsaTA9RlQmY2x2MD1ZJnR5cGU9MCZzaXRlPWVkcy1saXZland image scores.

Favorite Time of Year

A Little Christmas Dinner Christmas is the time of year renowned for bringing families together in a objet dartagement no other holi daylight can quite muster up to. Family togetherness palpates like a form of hot chocolate on the get-go cold night of the year heart warming. That magical day when relatives flock from all over to be in matchless house, at one table, and to eat one meal, nothing is more special than a little Christmas dinner. Christmas is known for coming quicker and quicker apiece passing year.Many people begin to silently panic as soon as they hear the freshman Christmas song on the radio. To me it strikes into my head that our yearly family Christmas dinner is ever so close. As a minor I enjoyed the Christmas dinner but not for the wholesome heart warming reasons that echo through my manner of speaking now, but for the greedy natured presents. Admittedly the presents palliate are a highlight of the Christmas dinner, but after a few seasoned years of learn ing that Christmas is not about materialistic items I now feel that the Christmas dinner is the best part of this day. every(prenominal) year we have the dinner at my grand parents quant house in the country. It takes a few hours to get there, but the country ride is more magnetise than any movie that I have ever seen. The twists and turns on a single lane street surrounded by trees attend set the tone for what the day will bring. Every year I am ever the first one there to help my grandparents to set up. The first thing I always remember to do is hug each one of them for as foresightful as I can, thankful for another year to take in their open arms. by and by the greetings I always help Grandpa with the yard, raking up the final of the fall leaves and stringing up a few lights on tiptop of the house because the little cousins always look forward to it. Grandpa is a hard doing man that refuses to retire and knows his best hold uping days are behind him. It seemed like yester day all of this work he could have done with his eyes closed. Knowing how much(prenominal) sense of pride he gets on his hard work and watching him stand there helpless unable to do any of the work reminds me cherish the moments we have together.Soon Grandpa would be too tired to do much more and I would hustle back into the house to find Grandma hard at work. She has just as much work ethic as Grandpa but is ten years younger so she still has that fire that seems to burn deep in all of the Little family. She is hustling away baking cakes and cooking the ham. ceremonial occasion how hard she works gives me a greater sense of joy than any present that I could peradventure receive on this day. The other family members begin to arrive group by group.The nutrient is still not done and the cake still needs to be frosted, but I believe Grandma sets it up like that so my four and five year old cousins can lick the spoon. Everyone pitches in to help on the final sides and setting the ta ble while having casual conversation. And just as fast as Christmas seemed to come it was time to sit down and enjoy the famous Little Christmas Dinner. We all foregather rough the large mahogany table and join hands and pray. My Grandpa always leads us into a terrific prayer that always seems to summarize how we as a family feel.After the prayer we all line up from youngest to oldest to gather a plate load of the best nutrition we will have the rest of year. Everyone hurrys to get a big helping of Grandmas mashed potatoes because she always seems to never cook enough. After we have all placed as much food that our little styrofoam plates can handle the food disappears almost as quickly as it was put on the plate. As soon as the food seems to settle into everyones system that is when the true Christmas spirit seems to have hit. The joy on everyones looking echoes my sentiments that this Little Christmas Dinner is what life is truly about.

Analysis of graphs and data Essay

After conducting some research I have found that 67% of heathers target market plaza would buy their jewelry from a shop this is because multitude feel more comfortable with actu in ally being able to see what they are buying quite of an image on a website which could have been manipulated to appear more attractive. One disadvantage of using a shop would be that it is difficult to see all the jewellery and can be tiring. The remaining 33% said that they would purchase their jewellery online because it is often cheaper, easier to browse and offers a wider range of goods than that of a shop.We have to mark that heathers target market is the teenage fashion market and if they are purchasing the jewellery themselves they will non be able to buy online because they would not have a credit card. My research showed that buying jewellery from a market stall is in truth un-popular I think this is because people feel there is a lack of quality from products sold on market stalls. One adv antage of distributing through a market stall is that people would already expect budget priced jewellery and would be in the correct place for your target market to find it.However going for a market stall would not be a good idea as the primary research has shown there will be very little customers. The results of my questionnaire have shown that most people spend about i 21-i 30 when shopping for jewellery therefore we know that our jewellery should be priced in and below this class interval. Larger jewellery stores melt their business through shops and open more branches in different areas as their business develops.If you look at the major names in the jewellery market such as Argos, H. samuels and Goldsmiths you will see that they all use both the internet and a shop. Most large jewellery stores use distribution manner 2 which is producer-retailer-consumer. Low budget shops also use this manner. However, larger stores also use distribution method 1 which is producer-consume r using there websites however lower budget stores are not popular liberal to make a lot of money online so just use distribution methods 2 and 3.

Law Reform on Native Title Essay

Indigenous people as defined by the Cobo report (1987) are a group having a historical continuity in pre-colonisation societies with a distinct culture now a minority in society today. Throughout history and times of colonization change has been seen in a plethora of ways. Importantly for Australia has been the take over of land by the British under the principle of Terra Nullius, which means meant that if land was populated by backward peoples, as in it was unoccupied it was considered as if it were unpopulated, as there was no formal organised system of living or governing body. The common evaluator consideration for this is acquisition of settlement. There are many cases in our history that have been both hard-hitting and futile The Gove Land Rights Case, Mabo I & II and the Native deed of conveyance & Amendment Acts, which have had the purpose of creating justice, and just outcomes through law crystalise, with a particular focus on Native Title.The Bark Petition and Gove Land rights case sought-after(a) to have land rights recognised by the Australian Government (1971). The argument provided was that the yolngu people had a mingled social and legal system, a Government of laws, not of men. Justice Blackburn rejected the argument, as Australia had been settled and schematic by the British, so the Doctrine of Reception existed. With no case of this type in Australias history, it was a huge touchstone forward in creating justice, but also meant there was nothing comparable to it. Consequently, it was a big whole tone forward as it was the first time a Legal Fiction of Terra Nullius, which overturn many previous assertions and provided a way forward and a path for the Mabo cases. This was the first step in a long law reform process, none the less providing a developing just and effective outcome for Aboriginal people.Restriction on movement for Aboriginal people provided many problems, including loss of fellowship to land, spirituality and ancest ors. In the eyes of Eddie Mabo, this was an infringement of his basic human rights. In 1982, Fr. David Passi, James Rice and Eddie Mabo began an action, which cut a case before the highschool Court of Australia in Mabo v. Queensland (No.2). Mabo v. Queensland (No.1) saw the 3 men produce that the Meriam people were enform of addressd to the Murray Islands and that the State of Queensland had no right to extinguish the Meriam peoples title to the Murray Islands, and that asystem of Native Title had been established, against the Queensland Coast Islands Declatory Act (1985), which attempted to extinguish Native Titles. The final close in Case1 did not address the issue of whether inseparable title existed, but found Queensland was trying to specify the land rights because of their race.Mabo v. Queensland (No.2) required the court to consider that if Australia was truly terra nullius at the time of settlement, then the Islanders had no case, on the other(a) hand, if the English had invaded, then the original inhabitants would be recognised. The ruling showed a majority of six to one, and the High Court ruled that the Murray Islanders had the right to the possession, occupation and enjoyment of traditional lands. This was based on two backbone points firstly that the declaration of Terra Nullius was not valid, so native title could not exist, and secondly that nativetitle existed wherever Indigenous people had occupied the land prior to European settlement. This was a major step forward in Australias history as well as in creating and effectively achieving justice in regard to native title. As apart of a broader picture and a law reform process, it showed a big step toward the future as it meant that Terra Nullius was overturned which meant further reform could take place, ground precedent for the overall goal of achieving justice as well as the broader society in footing of recognition.Following Mabo v. Queensland (No.2), the Commonwealth Government pas sed the Native Title Act (1993), which saw the official recognition of native title. Native Title is defined in Section 61 of the Act as the rights and interests of Aboriginal and Torres not bad(p) Islanders observed under traditional custom and recognised by the common law of Australia. This important step in changing Australian law and achieving justice for Aboriginal people was followed by the Native Title Amendment Act (1998), which saw changes to The Native Title Act after a push by the Howard Government in regards to the response to the Wik case and meant it harder to make registration of a claim and to increase interests of miners and pastoralists.This was met with much criticism, including the joined Nations committee, on the exclusion of All forms of Racial Discrimination that found they breached the International Convention on the Elimination of all Forms of Racial Discrimination. This is an example of law reform once again,to fir with changing attitudes, values and beha viours, as well as to reinforce and clarify parts of the act such as pastoral pick outs. It shows elements of positive and negative reform, as on one hand it shows a continuing, effective process, and on the other hand shows a change in the original intention.The effectiveness of law reform process in achieving just outcomes in regard to native title has shown to be effective through a unremitting law reform process. This process has seen the development of new ways, beliefs and values, as well as the abolishment of the dogma of terra nullius, creating justice for Indigenous Australians then, now and into the future.

Engineering design Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Enginee remember digit - appellation ExampleAdditionally, the implication takes note of the risk level that is associated with the established significant parameters (Budd, 2006). From the questionnaire generated, the customer necessity for break call back torch includes a metal shell body having different colors, 58 by 20 MM size, LED swooning for lighting, nice color, and 4pc button cells that are included on the lynchpin ring. I used the questionnaire over the other orderologies because the responses are collected in a standardized manner therefore, this method is more objective, certainly more than the Focus assort Discussion and Interviews. Generally, the method is relatively faster in collecting education than the interviews and the FDG. However, in some cases the method took a longer time to develop, apply and to analyze. Additionally, the information can be easily collected from a larger group portion. The potential is not ever so realized because the questionnaire returns are usually very low. However, the rates of return can be improved ones the questionnaire is responded and delivered on time. The questions in the questionnaire are outlined in the appendices (Cather, 2001). . Design contentions most of the design parameters for the keyring torch include figure of material body color of the keyring torch Led lights Switch battery size packing appliance flash system Charge lead time. Using a Focus Group Discussion, the major design parameters include the material used, the body color, and the charge lead time on that order. Some of the key features of cite ring torch include the unbreakable LED light, a lithium batters having a shelf emotional state of one year, burn time of over ten hours, the lay on the chain of the key, and small and lightweight. Some of the application of the key ring include the lighting for driver, emergency for office and home, chart reading for the pilots and astronomers, and out-of-door tasks like hunting, c amping, and fishing. The key ring torches are bright idea for promoting a company. The customer key ring can be customized with a companys logo or even the message. From the Focus Group Discussion it was evident that the clients preferred aluminum alloy material, blue, pink, red, and silver body color. The brightness for the LED light is 13000mcd, a button switch, a battery of 3*LR44, a size of 58*20MM, key ring flash mode, and the charging leading time of five to seven days. The clients required the packing to be in an intimate box of 500 pieces, with cumulative weight of 12.5 Kg. FDG conducted is outlined in the appendices Design Specification Name Parameter Specification Features Body color Blue, Pink, Silver, Green, and red painting Material Aluminum alloy Switch button LED Lights Brightness of 13000mcd Size 58 by 20 MM Battery 3*LR44 backpacking 1 piece/OPP, 100pcs/CTN, NW 12.g Kg Charge Lead time 5-7 days Flash mode Key ting Details of Packing Packing Inner Packing Outer Pa cking Meas G/N.w 1 pcs/ bag 100 pieces /inner box 500 pieces per Carton 32*23*24cm 13.5/ 12.5 Kg Design Specification and the customer requirement The design is based on the outlined specification. The reliability requirement of the key ring torch was part of the technical specification document. The company set the requirement for the key ring torch. The reliability of the product is not easy to specify. It is very easy to use the qualitative phrase like the needs of the product needs to exceed the expectation of the client. The key ring torc